Cap height is the vertical measurement of a typeface’s uppercase characters, calculated from the baseline to the uppermost edge of flat-topped letters like H or E. This dimension frequently sits slightly lower than the height of lowercase ascenders, and the precise measurement fluctuates from one typeface design to another.
Because of a natural optical illusion, characters with rounded or pointed crowns, such as O and A, are designed to overshoot this boundary slightly. Extending minutely above the established cap height ensures these varied shapes appear visually uniform in scale alongside their flat-topped counterparts.
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